PARKINSONISM

PARKINSONISM

DEFINITION:

• neurological disorder with symptoms such as Parkinson's disease

• Etio can be idiopathic, symptomatic, degenerative, or hereditary.

CLASSIFICATION PARKINSONISM

 I.      Primary (idiopathic) Parkinsonism

•         Parkinson disease

•         Juvenile parkinsonisms

II.      Multisystem degenrations (Parkinsonsm-Plus)

• Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), steele-Richardson-Olszewski disease (SRO).
• Multiple system atrophy (MSA)
• Striatronigral degeneration (SND or MSA-P).
• Olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA or MSA-C).
• Shy-Dariager syndariome (SDS).
• Lytico-Bodih or parkinsonism-dementia-ALS somplex of Guam (PADAACG).
• Cortical-basal ganglionic degeneration (CBGD).
•  Progressive pallidal atrophy.
• Parkinsonism-dementia complex
• Pallidopyramidal disease.

3. Heredodegenerative Parkinsonism

• Hereditary juvenile dystonia-parkinsonsm
• Autosomal dominant Lewy body disease.
• Huntington disease
• Wilson disease
• Hereditary ceruloplasmin deficiency
• Hallervorden-spatz disease
• Olivapontacerebellar and spinocerebellar degenerations.
• Machado-Josph disease.
• Familial amyyoytophy-dementia-parkinsonism.
• Disinhibition-dementia-parkinsonism-amyotrophy-complex
• Gerstmann-Strausler-Scheinker disease
• Familial progressive subcortical gliosis
• Lubog (c-linked dystonia-perkinsonism)
• Familial basal ganglia calcification
• Mitochondariial cytopathies with striatal necrosis.
• Ceroid lipofuscinosis.
• Familial parkinsonism with peripheral neuropathy.
• Parkinsonian-pyramidal syndariome
•  Hereditary hemochromomatosis.

4. Secondary (aquired, Symptomatic) Parkinsonism

• Infectious : postencephalitic, AIDS, SSPE, creuzfeldt-Jakob disease, prion diseases.
• Dariugs : dopamine receptor-blocking dariugs (antipsychotic, antiemetic dariugs), reserpine, tetrabenazine, alpha-methyl-dopa, lithium, flunarizine, cinnarizine.
• Toxins : 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydariopyridine CO, Mn, Hg, CS, cyanide, methanol, ethanol.
• Vascular : multi-infarct, Binswanger disease
• Trauma : pugilistic encephalopathy.
• Other : parathyroid abnormalities, hypothyroidism, hepatocerebral degeneration, brain tumor, paraneoplastic, normal pressure hydariocephalus, noncommunicating hydariocephalus, syringomesencephalia, hemiatrophy-hemiparkinsonism, peripherally induced tremor and parkinsonism, and psychogenic.